Then they rapidly collapse back together in a process known as annihilation, so that no new energy is created or destroyed, in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics. One particle is matter and the other is thought of as anti-matter. Particles and antiparticles are created in pairs, where one particle has positive energy and the other has negative energy. It is alive with dynamic activity of simultaneous creation and destruction of energy on the subatomic scale. Quantum mechanics states that what seems like an empty space, is actually not empty. What Stephen Hawking cleverly proposed is that black holes actually do radiate energy but this process can be described through a quantum understanding of the world, rather than the classical one.
However, the whole point of the black hole is that it hoards everything so tightly that nothing gets out. But anything that has entropy must also have a temperature, meaning that it should radiate energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that the amount of entropy of a system will always increase, which means that entropy is a measure of disorder and the universe is always naturally moving toward a more disordered state. We cannot see anything beyond this point. Around the stress ball, there is a circular region of space which encapsulates it, and the perimeter of this circle is known as the event horizon -which is can be thought of as a wall that separates what the reality we can perceive from that which inside the black hole. To understand the science behind the discovery we should start by understanding some basic concepts of physics and how they interplay.Ī black hole is defined as a densely packed region of space, you can imagine it like a stress ball made up of matter, where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape out of it.
This turned the scientific community on its head because the common description of classical physics states that black holes are super densely packed objects of matter and that nothing can inscape from them. Hawking discovered that a black hole is like a vitamin tablet that fizzles out in water - it can dissipate in time.
The concept of the Hawking’s discovery is ingenious in that it is simple yet profoundly creative. It detailed an unprecedented understanding of black holes, as well as, the interplay between quantum effects and general relativity. Hawking’s arguably greatest contribution was the discovery of the Hawking Radiation, which is one of the biggest breakthroughs in the 20th century.
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